A precisely weighed sample is combusted in a small crucible with oxygen and a small amount of tungsten trioxide. Carbon in the sample is oxidized to carbon dioxide or carbon monoxide. The sulfur is oxidized to sulfur dioxide. These combustion gases are carried by oxygen into an infrared (IR) cell where sulfur is detected as sulfur dioxide. Following sulfur analysis, all of the carbon is converted to carbon dioxide. The sulfur is converted to sulfur trioxide and removed by filtration. The carbon dioxide is then measured in a separate IR cell.

The determination of carbon and sulfur is done by non-dispersive (fixed) infrared energy at precise wavelengths as the gases pass through their respective IR absorption cells. The changes in energy are then observed at the detectors and the concentration is determined.

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